Figure 1

The reflex responses to the mechanical stimulation (stim) in the trachea. Two quiet breaths (slight inspiratory increase in the records of laryngeal abductor posterior cricoarytenoid – PCA and parasternal muscles – PS EMG moving averages with a depression in esophageal pressure – EP) followed by a short reflex expiration (ERt) at the beginning of stimulation (steep elevations in EMG moving averages of laryngeal adductor thyroarytenoid muscle – ThAr, PCA, and abdominal muscles – ABD, as well as in EP). The ERt was then followed by 3 coughs in which the expulsions caused slight elevations of blood pressure (BP). Moderate post-inspiratory activity was present at the inspiratory-expiratory transition of quiet breathing in ThAr. The ERt was markedly shorter compared to the cough expulsions (see ABD and EP) leading to the lower amplitude of EP compared to that in coughs, although the amplitudes of ABD EMG moving averages remained comparable.