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Table 1 Demographics, clinical data, and procedural observations for the study population and for groups by procedural posture.

From: Posture influences patient cough rate, sedative requirement and comfort during bronchoscopy: An observational cohort study

 

All patients

Supine

Semi-recumbent

p-value*

n

69

33

36

 

Age

62 ± 14

64 ± 16

61 ± 13

NS

Males (%)

42 (61)

19 (58)

23 (64)

NS

Smoking status

    

- Current smokers (%)

15 (22)

9 (27)

6 (17)

NS

- Ex-smokers (%)

33 (48)

16 (49)

17 (47)

NS

- Non-smokers (%)

21 (30)

8 (24)

13 (36)

NS

Inpatients (%)

26 (38)

11 (33)

15 (42)

NS

Baseline SpO2

97.0 ± 2.2

96.9 ± 2.4

97.1 ± 1.9

NS

Baseline pulse rate (/min)

77 ± 13

76 ± 13

77 ± 13

NS

% predicted FEV1

70 ± 19

67 ± 21

74 ± 17

NS

% predicted FVC

78 ± 17

79 ± 19

77 ± 14

NS

Oral route (%)

31 (45)

15 (45)

17 (47)

NS

Initial phase (min)

3.7 ± 1.3

3.9 ± 1.5

3.6 ± 1.1

NS

Cough rate (/min)

4.8 ± 3.7

6.1 ± 4.5

3.6 ± 2.3

0.007

Sedative use

    

- Midazolam (mg)

3.5 ± 1.7

4.0 ± 2.0

3.1 ± 1.2

0.029

- Fentanyl (mcg)

79 ± 30

88 ± 28

70 ± 29

0.011

Nadir SpO2

93.4 ± 4.6

93.3 ± 4.3

93.6 ± 4.9

NS

Fall in SpO2

3.6 ± 4.2

3.6 ± 3.6

3.6 ± 4.7

NS

Peak pulse rate (/min)

92 ± 16

91 ± 17

94 ± 15

NS

Rise in pulse rate (/min)

16 ± 13

16 ± 12

16 ± 14

NS

Maximal O2 use (L/min)

3.0 ± 1.8

3.0 ± 2.1

3.0 ± 1.5

NS

Questionnaire†

    

- Nurse VAS discomfort

31 ± 26

39 ± 28

23 ± 21

0.01

- Patient VAS recall

49 ± 35

51 ± 35

47 ± 36

NS

- Patient VAS discomfort

24 ± 23

22 ± 23

27 ± 23

NS

- Patient VAS cough

33 ± 27

40 ± 28

28 ± 25

0.067

- Patient 1-4 repeat

1.2 ± 0.4

1.2 ± 0.4

1.1 ± 0.4

NS

  1. Values shown as mean ± SD or number (%).
  2. * p-values shown for comparisons between supine and semi-recumbent groups.
  3. † VAS responses measured in mm from the left end of the visual analogue scale.
  4. FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; SpO2, oxygen saturation; VAS, visual analogue scale; NS, not significant at > 0.05.