Figure 2

Schematic presentation of the main protective and defensive reflexes incats. Airflow record (V’) with inspiration downward (↓).Stimulation of specific airway areas using mechanical contacts with a nylonfiber (-----) and presentation of odorous substances(□□□) are indicated in anaesthetized cat. Inaddition to gasp- and sniff-like aspiration reflex elicited from thenasopharynx, sniffing from the upper part of nasal cavity, expiration reflexfrom the larynx, the cough reflex from the trachea-bronchial region andsneezing from the nasal mucosa. Modified from our earlier publications[22, 31, 40].